AI’s Growing Impact on Africa’s Education Sector
As artificial intelligence (AI) tools become more accessible, particularly through smartphones and internet access, their potential to transform education is being widely recognized across Africa. Despite challenges such as limited electricity and internet coverage, AI’s ability to assist in tasks like essay writing, exam answering, and even creating videos and podcasts is creating new opportunities for students and educators.
In countries like the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), where internal conflicts and poverty hinder technological advancements, educators are beginning to see AI’s influence on society. Benjamin Sivanzire, a teacher in North Kivu, acknowledges that while AI has not yet made its way into classrooms, its impact on public opinion and misinformation is becoming evident. Sivanzire emphasizes the need to educate people on identifying credible information, as AI-generated content is increasingly being used for propaganda.
Challenges of Bias in AI Development
The development of AI tools has sparked concerns about bias and the concentration of power in the hands of a small group of developers, often located in places like Silicon Valley. Farida Shahid, the independent Special Rapporteur on the right to education, highlights that AI algorithms frequently fail to recognize diverse human characteristics, such as dark skin or the behaviors of autistic individuals. She also references incidents like the AI-based grading system in the UK, which led to biased outcomes against certain ethnic groups.
According to Shahid, relying on AI for verification purposes risks perpetuating a framework that privileges certain demographics, neglecting a wider range of human experiences. The UN stresses the importance of expanding the developer talent base to ensure AI tools reflect diverse voices, particularly within the field of educational technology (EdTech).
Expanding Africa’s AI Landscape
The rise of EdTech startups in Africa is showing promise, with numerous entrepreneurs developing AI-powered tools to enhance learning across the continent. Shafika Isaacs, head of technology and AI at UNESCO points out that African EdTech startups are increasingly focusing on local languages and cultural contexts. Some startups are developing mobile apps and chatbots to assist in subjects like literacy and mathematics. However, a disconnect remains between the public education system and these emerging tech solutions.
Isaacs urges educators to engage proactively with developers to create relevant tools for African students. Governments are also stepping up their efforts to integrate AI into national education policies. In Côte d’Ivoire, Minister of Education Mariatou Koné highlights the country’s transformation towards a more digitalized education system, spurred by a 2022 review. While the government recognizes AI’s potential in personalized learning, there are concerns about protecting personal data and preventing misuse. Koné also stresses the need for AI tools to be tailored to the African context, ensuring that AI development aligns with local needs and cultural heritage.
